Arduino for STM32

After using stmlink to disable mass storage, the Arduino IDE fails to upload to the board.

In the menua upload method, the options are mass storage or three flavors of STM32CubeProgrammer.

What are these, and how do I add them to my Fedora Linux Arduino 1.8.19 environment?

Thank you

Those are hardware bootloader upload methods.
SWD - uses ST-Link programmer
Serial - as it says uses serial port (UART) and usually you need USB-TTL converter.
DFU - uses built-in USB interface, no additional hardware required, but only for MCUs that support it.
All of them use STM32CubeProgrammer to upload firmware, so you need to install STM32CubeProgrammer.